9/22/2023 0 Comments Rational architect![]() Towards the end of the 18th century, Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand, a teacher at the influential École Polytechnique in Paris at the time, argued that architecture in its entirety was based in science. The architectural notions of the time gravitated more and more to the belief that reason and natural forms are tied closely together, and that the rationality of science should serve as the basis for where structural members should be placed. The French Louis XVI style emerged in the mid-18th century with its roots in the waning interest of the Baroque period. Rationalist architects, following the philosophy of René Descartes emphasized geometric forms and ideal proportions. The name Rationalism is retroactively applied to a movement in architecture that came about during the Age of Enlightenment (more specifically, Neoclassicism), arguing that architecture's intellectual base is primarily in science as opposed to reverence for and emulation of archaic traditions and beliefs. Enlightenment rationalism Project for an Isaac Newton memorial by Étienne-Louis Boullée. ![]() The term Rationalism is commonly used to refer to the wider International Style. In that respect, it represented a reaction to Historicism and a contrast to Art Nouveau and Expressionism. Twentieth-century Rationalism derived less from a special, unified theoretical work than from a common belief that the most varied problems posed by the real world could be resolved by reason. Eighteenth-century progressive art theory opposed the Baroque use of illusionism with the classic beauty of truth and reason. The formulation was taken up and further developed in the architectural treatises of the Renaissance. Vitruvius had claimed in his work De architectura that architecture is a science that can be comprehended rationally. In architecture, Rationalism ( Italian: razionalismo) is an architectural current which mostly developed from Italy in the 1920s and 1930s. Palazzo del Toro, in Piazza San Babila, Milan, is a typical example of rationalism. For other uses, see Rationalism (disambiguation).
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